Causes of Divorce
Causes of Divorce
The pattern of the family changes has been laws significantly influenced by the high number of divorces that had multiple grounds as justification. The foundations of the family as an integral and important part of the society could be easily shaken by the moral and social disruption that comes as the major milestone. Thus, divorce is kind of phenomenon that can have a very negative impact on certain people, while other individuals might find it as a way to freedom and personal growth. The reasons for marriage were always different, but in the current paper the cause of divorce between two people who have engaged into a well-though decisions where both parties could benefit, would be viewed. Thereafter, the objective of the following paper is to discuss what might be the causes for the couple to separate after marriage.
Researchers have been trying to investigate what is wrong with society for many years. If to look back into the history, divorce was not so prolonged and arduous process before, while it took only simple statement about marriage cancellation. Thus, due to shaping nature of the human needs, the reasons for divorce were much different from the one people use today. Moreover, this is relevant to mention that causes of divorce depend on the type of the society, as in patriarchal countries marriage cancellation is a prerogative of males, while in Chine the man can cast out wife because mans parents could force him to send his wife away if she did not take the side of parents when it was needed (Coontz, 2006).
First, this is important to mention that economic situation in the society really has played a very important role in divorce rates. Thereafter, the unseen boos of divorces has occurred in United States just after the First World War, while in Spain the government did not allow such to happen until 1981. During 1950s every fifths marriage in United States ended with divorce after 25 year of mutual life, while in 1970s the number among the people who were to divorce doubled. Parental death was no longer number first in the short list of reasons why children had to be risen up by a single parent. Moreover, some trends indicated direct correlation with number of kinds and divorce increase.
By large, experts distinguish cohort and period effect that lead to divorce as a fisrt pillar of social change. Those, who were married during the same year, are referred as marriage cohorts. Thus, cohort effects start to influence the mutual life just when the couple has started to live together and the behaviors and expectations thought the marriage seem to be different. Cohort effect shape the individuals perceptions and after the divorce people turn to have different believes and attitudes toward marriages. Period effect sis something totally different and does not depend when the people have engaged into a marriage, as it is something in the air (Harkonen, p.7). It covers cultural trends, economic recession and legal changes. In addition to that, divorce laws also change, which adds up separation rate increase. The scientists claim that period effects have been always dominating the cohort effects.
Actually, divorces vary significantly cross-naturally and no common reason of divorce can ever be circled out. Thus, the studies in the industrialized societies have revealed that divorce rate increase was significantly connected with the change of gender equality and symmetry, which has not been so vivid before. Labour market of women has started to increase as well as female employment that led to divorce numbers increase. Thereafter, the economic side can be circled out as one on multiple divorce causes.
The cultural changes are not less important. Increased level of post material values and individualism that arise after the people enter the marriage institution play an important role in further causes of divorces. Such sifts is usually about gender equality, personal growth and understanding that such non-traditional family behaviour as divorce can eventually be accepted.
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Thereafter, beside of economic and cultural reasons for divorce, this is relevant to circle out the acceptance of divorce as another cause. Some societies are too religious and treat marriage cancellation as something inacceptable, while the families that accept the new ideas of modern living tend to get divorced more often. Liberalization of the divorce legislation is another major spur that leads people not to reconsiders their choices and officially exits the marriage. The proof to that was a data collection that detected an increase of divorces when the process has become simpler. The implementation of a type of divorce according to which the other spouse has no right to object, known as unilateral divorce, has lead to another wave of increased cases.
This is important to mention that the causes of divorce sometimes depend on other factors that fall from the psychological and proximate categories. It became obvious that violence and infidelity are no longer treated as the major reasons for divorce, but division of households as well as other relational and psychological factors have gained popularity. From sociological point of view, whether the couples enter the divorce depends much on the previous experiences and life course stages. Higher divorce risk is present in young couples, as individuals are not mature enough. Those who have been divorced before fall under that category as well. In addition to that, the cohabitation before marriage might be cause of further divorce.
The studies reveal that the first years of marriage are the most challenging and couple experience crisis at the fourth and seventh years, but divorce risks decreases once a couple start to accumulate the mutual investments. Children is a matter of controversy, as many couple do not divorce because of them, but sometimes lack of attention to the spouse because child takes all the time, might be a trigger for divorce.
Situation in the family might be also destabilized if women get stronger socio-economic position while for man that is expectable. Moreover, the research reveals that women with higher education have lower rates in divorces, which was otherwise before, until females started to think over more whom to marry. Migration might be another cause of divorces as well as exposure to a new environment that might be looking more attractive that the one the spouses are surrounded within their families (Harkonen, 2013).
According to Stevenson and Wolfers the majority of divorces results from uncertainty and unfavorable outcomes. (Stevenson, Wolfers, p.28). The researches try to contradict to the belief that divorces come as a result of financial inequality and usually stem from the suitability of a spouse to be a life-lasting partner. There are multiple theories of marriage that suggest that it happens when benefits for both parties are high, while average marriage is more likely to be successful that marginal one (Stevenson, Wolfers, 2007).
In conclusion, this is important to mention that despite all the researches the common causes of divorces cannot be distinguished as the one that cover all people. Thereafter, social, economic, cultural and psychological factors do matter a lot, but sometime divorce might occur without any explanations. Thus, people have to look into finding a way to save their marriages, as families are the most important thing in society.
- http://firstsearch.oclc.org/ECOPDFS/BLACKWLL/A0147370/FAMP_188.PDF
- http://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/files/wp07-03.pdf
