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Peace
Summary
Tom G. Palmers Peace, Love, & Liberty
Tom Palmers book Peace, Love, & Liberty consists of the essays united by the ideas of classical liberalism, the protection of peace and deliberate cooperation of people all over the world instead of violence and the use of force (Palmer, Peace, Love, & Liberty 2).
Palmer argues that the nature of war is organized human violence. The author uses statistics to demonstrate the horrifying cost of the war in Iraq. Palmer states that only the necessity to defend ones life, but not just principles or authority, can validate the beginning of the war. The latter makes the government powerful and serves as an excuse for increasing taxes and control over people. Palmer asserts that as wars restore justice rarely, only peace and liberty can bring prosperity and happiness to humanity. Pinker declares that the frequency of war has been decreasing recently. The reasons are lower human violence due to motives causing it are not constant or inherited. Human intellect is one of the devices that prevent violence (Palmer, Peace, Love, & Liberty 14).
Martin proclaims that there are no winners in a war. The loss of prosperity is always huger for losers than possible gains for the opposite side. People gain when they cooperate as producers-consumers (Palmer, Peace, Love, & Liberty 31). Economic development depends on peace and free exchange of goods. Rufer highlights that as far as a voluntary action is a basis for a successful business, trade is an alternative to armed conflicts. A peaceful end of a conflict is profitable and more valuable for both sides. His own experience proves that cooperation helps in achieving prosperity. If a businessperson encourages free international trade, he supports peace.
Gartzke clarifies that trade and worldwide investments decrease the possibility of war. Cooperation and dependence upon partnership make governments lead agreeable peaceful politics, facilitating international trade and making military conflicts ineffective or useless. Palmer argues that the wealthier the nation with which one trades, the better it is for both sides. Imperialism or colonialism is a philosophy, which causes national conceit and meanness instead of wealth. He describes his idea using the example of Spain and Russia, the imperialistic, military politics of which serves for profits of a narrow circle, but brings harm to the public (Palmer, Peace, Love, & Liberty 75).
McDonald studies the main figures of the American Enlightenment, such as Washington, Hamilton, Franklin, and Jefferson, who play a significant role in achieving peace and liberty all over the world.
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Logan analyzes the objectives of contemporary wars, like the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990. The main goals of them are material interests and ideologies (Palmer, Peace, Love, & Liberty 98). Nevertheless, if these two factors are opposed, a war becomes less efficient. Balko underlines the worldwide tendency of the militarization of civilian policing and appearing many SWATs. Primarily, their purpose was to neutralize violence by force, but now they mostly generate violent confrontation spoiling the relations between the police and the public.
Palmer contends such people as the inheritors of the tradition of collectivism, who praise struggle and violence in the political life (Palmer, Peace, Love, & Liberty 124). On the contrary, libertarians stand for universal peace and liberty in all spheres of social life.
Sarah Skwire declares that literature and poetry uncover secret sides of war to understand and antagonize it. The book includes the poetry of soldier Wilfred Owen and The War Prayer by Mark Twain, a satiric reproof of patriotic and religious fanaticism.
To conclude, Cathy Reisenwitz makes readers conscious that to maintain peace everyone should be aware of a politic situation in the world, propagate and actively support peace, love, and liberty.
Tom G. Palmers The Morality of Capitalism: What Your Professors wont Tell You
Palmers book The Morality of Capitalism: What Your Professors wont Tell You includes essays by different authors that clarify the nature of capitalism. They oppose anti-capitalist rhetoric that blames this social idea for a constant pursuit of profits, greed, selfishness, violence, and leveling of cultural differences in modern society. Palmer proves that capitalism is valuable for freedom, cooperation, entrepreneurship, innovation, customer care, individualism, equal rights, and equal opportunities.
In Section I, Mackey claims that capitalism and business are constructive forces creating value for stakeholders. They are not limited to gaining a profit but have a higher purpose (Palmer, The Morality of Capitalism 17). The latter is customers satisfaction, happy cooperation of a team, being decent citizens, and considering ecological integrity. McCloskey claims that material factors are not the only causes of the development of modern capitalism. It matters a change in thinking about liberty and opportunities that come with innovations and profit.
Boaz clarifies that capitalism encourages people to compete and cooperate. Humanity can achieve more in a team than individually, and producing goods or services, which meet the requirements of others, increases profits. Palmer compares experiences of nonprofit and for-profit medicine. He concludes that there is less interest and compassion in the attitude to customers in non-profitable organizations (Palmer, The Morality of Capitalism 53).
In Section II, Mao Yushi explains that the creation of an ideal world is possible only if people cooperate fulfilling their own interests. Propaganda persuades that it is immoral if one strives for his or her own profit at the expense of others. Nevertheless, if a part of society is always inferior to others, it leads to a conflict and disorder. According to Palmer, capitalism does not inspire egotistic behavior or motivation (The Morality of Capitalism 64). Nevertheless, unlike politics, free trade makes agreeable members create prosperity and peace.
Kelley explains that altruists blame capitalism for selfishness and the demand for social justice, meaning fair distribution of profits. Therefore, while altruists generosity roots in the guilt of being wealthy, egoists one expresses pride in their own prosperity. The author suggests the fourth revolution that assets the moral right of the individual to live for himself (Palmer, The Morality of Capitalism 83).
In Section III, Nolutshungu demonstrates the example of the South African economy and benefits of economic freedom, such as wealth, reduced unemployment, advanced education, and professional medical treatment. Accordingly, an economic outcome increases as much as the degree of individual economic freedom provided by governments.
To conclude, Section IV: Globalizing Capitalism concerns the relations between global capitalism and justice. Arunga supports free trade and opposes the creation of privileged trade zones. She argues that property rights protected by political systems, unrestricted by law trade, generate prosperity to people and economic development of the whole country.
